Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) constitute a large family of sialic acid containing sugar, composed of hydrophobic ceramide and hydrophilic sugar chains. GSLs represent a major class of lipids that are essential constituents of eukaryotic cells. GSLs cluster to form membrane microdomains (lipid rafts) on plasma membranes, along with several kinds of transducer molecules, including Src family kinases and small G proteins. They play an important structural role in regulating membrane fluidity. GSLs mediated biological roles includes acting as second messengers or modulators of signal transduction by affecting several events, ranging from cell adhesion, cell growth, cell motility, regulation of apoptosis and cell cycle. GSLs have been shown to have crucial regulatory roles in the normal physiological process as well as in pathological conditions, including tumor onset and progression. The implication of some sphingolipids in diseases is well established whereas that of some others is still a matter of intense investigation.
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